-  Straight to Catholics - Why I believe in What I believe  - 

                                                By His Grace Bishop Paul Tan Chee Ing, S.J. 

                                                  ---              S A C R A M E N T S             ---

All Creation as an expression of God's Love is a sacrament. It is the outward sign of an inner reality The outward sign is all creation. The inward grace (or reality) is God's love which we cannot see, touch, hear, taste or smell. Yet through our senses as the Universe unfolds itself before us, our intellect is capable of leading the soul to affirm the existence of its Creator, God: and for us Christians, (Catholic Christian) of God's love. Through sin, Man/Human Being destroys the basis of existence itself - love. Therefore God, whose infinite love cannot be thwarted, came in a visible form that Human being can understand: Incarnation, God-made-man. The Lord Jesus Christ, came to show us the unconditional or limitlessness of God's love by His life which led to His death, killed by sinful men. "God loves us so much that He sent His Son to us." He taught us love by laying down His life for us - 1 John 3:16 - Therefore the fullest expression of the infinite love of God in visible form that we can see and touch, is the Son of God made Man, Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ is, in the fullest sense, the Sacrament.

Before Jesus left this world, He knew that we who come after Him still need a concrete sign of God's love. Hence, He formed around Him a group of Apostles and disciples, the Church, to carry on this message of His Father's love. The Church (Christians who believe in Christ and who live and speak of His love) becomes a continuing sign and agent of God's love for all people ("Dogmatic Constitution of the Church", Vatican Council II). The Church is the continuing sacrament coming from the Chief Sacrament, Jesus Christ. She draws her sacramental life from the Lord who lives in her and promises to be with her till the end of the world so that the "gates of hell shall not prevail against" her - Matthew 16:18; 28:20 - The concrete experience of the Lord's presence in the gathering of the first Christian community was the out-pouring of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles at Pentecost. Filled with the Holy Spirit, fear left the Apostles and they went out to preach and to bear witness to the Lord. If we read the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles we will be struck by the constant awareness of the presence of the Lord's Spirit in the Church. In Saint Paul's Epistles the parallel between the Holy Spirit and the Lord Jesus is a unique feature. The presence of the Holy Spirit in the Church is the guarantee of the Lord's presence. The experience of the Holy Spirit is an internal reality that breaks forth into the exterior life of Christians. It is a movement from the inward (Spiritual reality) to the outward (life).

But human beings also have and need the other movement - from the outward to the inward. As explained in chapter 1, it is through matter that we get to know about things and move to the Spiritual plane of values and meanings. The Lord Jesus Christ knows that we need some physical expression of His infinite Love for us so that through it our soul will rise up to the spiritual reality of His love. The physical expression through which we can move to the reality of Christ's love are the seven Canonical Sacraments - "Canonical" is used in the sense that they are officially recognized by the teaching of the Catholic Church as such as (Sacraments.) I will not go into the "dispute" on whether or not there can be more than seven sacraments. - They take their existence from the Church, the Sacrament, the Body of Christ - 1 Corinthians 12 - the continuing presence of the Risen Lord Jesus, the CHIEF Sacrament. Hence each Sacrament must have the following elements: (1) the communal aspect (the Church) (2) the physical or tangible aspect, for examples: water in Baptism (3) faith of the Church in which an individual Christian shares and (4) the Spiritual reality of Christ's love.

- A - In fact, all the Seven Canonical Sacraments take their existence from the Sacrament of the Church, the Body of Christ. Hence, the communal aspect of each Sacrament is essential. Like the Eucharist, the other canonical Sacraments express the life of the Church which comes from Christ Jesus and nourish her members. - They all share in the three dimensional relationships - I and myself, I and others (Church) and I and God - in an indivisible unity of love which has its roots in the perfect communion of Love in the Triune God Himself. A Christian is not a person who has only a direct line to God: the "I and God" relationship without other lines of relationship. A Christian does not work out his/her salvation alone. ( This is not Christian ). His/her own salvation is inextricably linked to that of others. At Baptism, it is not only a turning to God alone but also a turning to his people, the Church. This is why at Baptism, a Christian is received into the Church. In the Eucharistic Celebration, when I go to receive the Lord Jesus, I do not assimilate Christ Jesus into me - the "I and Christ" relationship alone - but Christ assimilates me deeper into the mystery of His Body, the Church: - It is Saint Augustine who said this - I, in relationship with others (Body of Christ) in the Lord (Head of the Body). In the Sacrament of reconciliation, I do not go straight to God alone and be reconciled to Him alone. I go and meet Christ (God) in His Body, the Church, and with myself. We cannot separate the Head (Christ Jesus) from His Body. (More of this later).

- B - As explained in chapter 1, I, a human being is spirit rooted in matter in such a way that we cannot know without the mediation of matter and we cannot express ourselves without going through matter. This is how God has made us. Jesus, who is God, knew and knows us for what we are. So He chose human beings, His disciples, to continue His spiritual work. In His life, He also made use of matter to communicate His power. Water was one of the material objects used. After Jesus was baptized in water by John the Baptist, the Holy Spirit came/descended upon Jesus - Mark 1:9-11 - All Christians use water in baptism as a sign of cleansing and a turning to Christ. Jesus often touched people when He healed them. In Mark 8:22-26 - Jesus spat on the eyes of a blind man, laid his hands upon him and cured him. Jesus breathed upon the Apostles to give them the Holy Spirit - John 20:22 - Under the form of bread and wine, Jesus gave to His disciples his own body and blood. The Church is only following Christ Jesus when she uses material things as signs of God's saving love or power. The immediate disciples of the Lord after Christ's ascension also employed matter. They anointed the sick with oil - James 5:14 - They laid hands on people and prayed for them to receive the Holy Spirit - Acts 6:3-6 - And of course they made use of bread and wine for the "breaking of bread" - (The Holy Eucharist).

- C - The Sacrament is no magic. It is not a recitation of a magic formula and a performing of a ritual. It depends on the faith of the Universal Church and of those who partake of the sacrament. Without faith, the ritual is meaningless.

- D - This faith should lead one to meet Christ Jesus and of those who partake of the sacrament. It is after all the spiritual reality of Christ's saving love that is most essential. Without "experiencing in one way or other" the saving power of Christ, there is no sacrament.

- Objection - The word "Sacrament", say some Christians, is not found in the Sacred Scripture / Holy Bible. Hence the Catholic Christian Sacraments are man-made. It is not from Christ, they say.

- Response - It is a wild and stupid objection that does not really deserve an answer. What is a word? It is a human symbol pointing to some reality. The word "tree" as I have said in chapter 1, points to a reality that is communicated to me through my senses. What is important is not the word but the reality as such. I can use another symbol "arbre" to mean the same reality as "tree". Besides, if we take the objection seriously, we should be using the Greek language of the original New Testament, not English since none of the English words are found in the original Greek New Testament.

Can any Christian deny the reality of Christ as the fullest expression of God's love through matter - God made man? This is what we mean by Sacrament: the spiritual reality behind the material symbol. And it is this that is important. To confuse the reality with the symbol that signifies it, is a fault of thinking. It is to confuse the accidentals with the essentials. The accidentals are, so to say, the trimmings. There are many types, shapes and colours of human beings, yet they are all human beings. It is the "humanness" in all of us that makes us human beings, not our different colours or shapes. It is a failure to think clearly that has led a number of people into superficial objections.

                                                            -   The Holy Eucharist   - 

People accuse us Catholics of being cannibals, eating the "body" and drinking the "blood" of the Lord Jesus Christ. - The Holy Eucharist is so rich that one can write volumes on it. Here I am only dealing with one aspect of it that has been attacked by non-Catholics: the "REAL PRESENCE" of Christ Jesus under the form of bread and wine. Fearing that they might be accused of cannibalism, they believe that the bread and wine are mere symbols or signs. A rose representing my love is not my love; it is only a symbol of my love.

We, Catholics do not believe that we eat the "body" and drink the "blood" of Christ, as we eat the roasted flesh of an animal or drink its blood (as some people do.) The wine still tastes of wine and the bread of bread. We do believe, however, that, after consecration, when we take the bread and the wine, we partake of something if that something is not actually there? Hence, Christ Jesus is truly present under the form of bread and wine. He is not symbolically present as my love is symbolically represented in the rose. He is not there in physical flesh and blood as an animal that has just been killed. He, as the resurrected Lord, is there in a spiritual way.

Our belief in the "Real Presence" of Christ under the form of bread and wine goes right back in the faith of the Church into the Apostolic Tradition of the early Universal Church to the New Testament. The change in belief that Christ Jesus is truly present in the bread and wine came about in the 16th Century with the Protestant Reformation. Martin Lurther himself believed in the real presence and argued against Calvinist and Zwingli who taught that Christ Jesus was only nominally present. He condemned them saying, "You are of the devil." Do you think the Lord Jesus who promised to be with His Church till the end of the world would allow His Church to go wrong on such a crucial point of faith? If so, the Lord Jesus would have told a lie; or rather, we would be accusing the Lord Jesus of being a liar.

It was this belief in the true presence of the Lord Jesus that made many Christians risk their lives carrying the "Consecrated bread" in their bosom to distribute the "Lord" to other Christians. This was during the time of great persecution under the Roman Empire when Christians live in catacombs to hide from persecution. In fact, a young boy called Saint Tarcisius was stoned to death by his peers because he refused to give up to them the "Lord" whom he was carrying in his bosom.

Saint Ignatius of Antioch (c.110 A.D), who came immediately after the Apostles, believed in the "real presence" of the Lord Jesus. He attacked the Docetists - Docetists believed that matter is evil. How could God who was all good came through evil (matter)? Therefore, to them, Christ Jesus who was God, came not in matter (human body) but in an illusion of a human body - who "hold aloof from the Eucharist and prayers because they do not believe that the Eucharist is the flesh of our Saviour, Jesus Christ", (Letter to the Smyrneans 7:1; Quasten Mon E336). Saint Cyrill of Jerusalem (d.c. 386) said, "Since He (Christ) has said and asserted 'this is my body,' who dares doubt that it is His blood? Christ Jesus once changed water into wine which is akin to blood. Shall we not therefore believe, when He changes wine into blood?

....... And so we continue these with perfect certainty that they are the body and blood of Christ Jesus, since under the appearance of bread the body is given to us, and the blood under the appearance of wine; so that when you have taken the body and blood of Christ, you become participants in His very Body and Blood." (Mystagogical Catechesis 401-3;F.L. Cross, St. Cyril of Jerusalem's lectures on the Christian Sacraments, London 1951.) - Taken from New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 5, 1967 Ed., p. 604 - 

This belief of Saint Cyril's sounds like a paraphrase of Saint John's and Saint Paul's teaching on the Eucharist. Saint John's chapter 6 is also a refutation of the docetists' denial of the reality of Christ's human body. It starts with the multiplication of the loaves which has two meanings: (a) nothing is impossible for God to do and (b) symbolic reference to Christ feeding a multitude with His own body and blood.  ---  P A G E   O N E  ---

  - WELCOME TO SACRED SCRIPTURE / WORD OF GOD / HOLY BIBLE READER'S COMMUNITY -

Wishing you, 'Happy Reading', and may God, the Father, the Son of the living God, Jesus Christ, fills your heart, mind, thoughts, and grants you: The Holy Spirit, that is, Wisdom, Knowledge, Understanding, Counsel, Piety, Fortitude, Fear of the Lord, and also His fruits of the Holy Spirit, that is, Love, Joy, Peace, Patience, Kindness, Goodness, Trustfulness, Gentleness and Self-Control. Amen! God blessing be upon you!

If we live by the truth and in love, we shall grow in all ways into Christ Jesus, who is the head by whom the whole body is fitted and joined together, every joint adding its own strength, for each separate part to work according to it function, so the body grows until it has built itself up, in love. - Ephesians 4:15-16 -

I STILL HAVE MANY THINGS TO SAY TO YOU BUT THEY WOULD BE TOO MUCH FOR YOU NOW. BUT WHEN THE SPIRIT OF TRUTH COMES, HE WILL LEAD YOU TO THE COMPLETE TRUTH, SINCE HE WILL NOT BE SPEAKING AS FROM HIMSELF, BUT WILL SAY ONLY WHAT HE HAS LEARNT; AND HE WILL TELL YOU OF THE THINGS TO COME.

HE WILL GLORIFY ME, SINCE ALL HE TELLS YOU WILL BE TAKEN FROM WHAT IS MINE. EVERYTHING THE FATHER HAS IS MINE; THAT IS WHY I SAID: ALL HE TELLS YOU WILL BE TAKEN FROM WHAT IS MINE. - JOHN 16:12-15 - 

 - THE CITY OF GOD -  THE  OMNIPOTENCE  OF  THE  CREATOR -  BY SAINT AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO -

- Against those who are of opinion that the punishment neither of the devil nor of wicked men shall be eternal - P A G E 6 -

First of all, it behoves us to inquire and to recognise why the Church has not been able to tolerate the idea that promises cleansing or indulgence to the devil even after the most severe and protracted punishment. For so many holy men, imbued with the spirit of the Old and New Testament did not grudge to angels of any rank or character that they should enjoy the blessedness of the heavenly kingdom after being cleansed by suffering but rather they perceived that they could not invalidate nor evacuate the divine sentence which the Lord predicted that He would pronounce in the judgement, saying, "Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels." - Matthew xxv. 41 - For here it is evident that the devil and his angels shall burn in everlasting fire. And there is also that declaration in the Apocalypse, "The devil their deceiver was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where also are the beast and the false prophet. And they shall be tormented day and night for ever." - Revelation xx. 10 - In the former passage "everlasting" is used, in the latter "for ever" and by these words Sacred Scripture is wont to mean nothing else than endless duration. And therefore no other reason, no reason more obvious and just, can be found for holding it as the fixed and immovable belief of the truest piety, that the devil and his angels shall never return to the justice and life of the saints, than that Scripture, which deceives no man, says that God spared them not, and that they were condemned beforehand by Him and cast into prisons of darkness in hell - 2 Peter ii. 4 - being reserved to the judgement of the last day, when eternal fire shall receive them, in which they shall be tormented world without end. And if this be so, how can it be believed that all men or even some, shall be withdrawn from the endurance of punishment after some time has been spent in it? How can this be believed without enervating our faith in the eternal punishment of the devils? For if all or some of those to whom it shall be said, "Depart from me, ye cursed into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels" - Matthew xxv. 41 - are not to be always in that fire, then what reason is there for believing that the devil and his angels shall always be there? Or is perhaps the sentence of God which is to be pronounced on wicked men and angels alike, to be true in the case of the angels, false in that of men? Plainly it will be so if the conjectures of men are to weigh more than the word of God. But because this is absurd, they who desire to be rid of eternal punishment ought to abstain from arguing against God, and rather, while yet there is opportunity, obey the divine commands.

Then what a fond fancy is it to suppose that eternal punishment means long-continued punishment, while eternal life means life without end, since Christ in the very same passage spoke of both in similar terms in one and the same sentence, "These shall go away into eternal punishment but the righteous into eternal life! - Matthew xxv. 46 - If both destinies are "eternal," then we must either understand both as long-continued but as last terminating, or both as endless. For they are correlative - on the one hand, punishment eternal, on the other hand, life eternal. And to say in one and the same sense life eternal shall be endless, punishment eternal shall come to an end, is the height of absurdity. Wherefore, as the eternal life of the saints shall be endless, so too the eternal punishment of those who are doomed to it shall have no end.

- Against those who fancy that in the judgement of God all the accused will be spared in virtue of the prayers of the saints - 

And this reasoning is equally conclusive against those who, in their own interest but under the guise of a greater tenderness of spirit, attempt to invalidate the words of God and who assert that these words are not true, not because men shall suffer those things which are threatened by God, but because they deserve to suffer them. For God, they say, will yield them to the prayers of His saints, who will then the more earnestly pray for their enemies, as they shall be more perfect in holiness and whose prayer will be the more efficacious and the more worthy of God's ear because now purged from all sin whatsoever. Why then, if in that perfected holiness their prayers be so pure and all-availing will they not use them on behalf of the angels for whom eternal fire is prepared, that God may mitigate His sentence and alter it and extricate them from that fire? Or will there, perhaps, be more one hardy enough to affirm that even the holy angels will make common cause with holy men (then become the equals of God's angels) and will intercede for the guilty, both men and angels that mercy may spare them the punishment which truth has pronounced them to deserve? But this has been asserted by no one sound in the faith nor will be. Otherwise there is no reason why the Church should not even now pray for the devil and his angels, since God her Master has ordered her to pray for her enemies. The reason, then, which prevents the Church from now praying for the wicked angels whom she knows to be her enemies, is the identical reason which shall prevent her, however, perfected in holiness, from praying at the last judgment for those men who are to be punished in eternal fire. At present, she prays for her enemies among men because they have yet opportunity for fruitful repentance. For what does she especially beg for them but that "God would grant them repentance," as the apostle says, "that they may return to soberness out of the snare of the devil, by whom they are held captive according to his will?" - 2 Timothy 2:25-26 - 

But if the Church were certified who those are, who, though they are still abiding in this life are yet predestined to go with the devil into eternal fire, then for them she could no more pray than for him. But since she has this certainty regarding no man, she prays for all her enemies who yet live in this world; and yet she is not heard in behalf of all. But she is heard in the case of those only who though they oppose the Church, are yet predestined to become her son through her intercession. But if any retain an impenitent heart until death and are not converted from enemies into sons, does the Church continue to pray for them, for the spirits, that is, of such persons deceased? And why does she cease to pray for them, unless because the man who was not translated into Christ's kingdom while he was in the body, is now judged to be of Satan's following?

It is then, I say the same reason which prevents the Church at anytime from praying for the wicked angels which prevents her from praying hereafter for those men who are to be punished in eternal fire; and this also is the reason why though she prays even for the wicked so long as they live, she yet does not even in this world pray for the unbelieving and godless who are dead. For some of the dead, indeed, the prayer of the Church or pious individuals is heard; but it is for those who, having been regenerated in Christ, did not spend their life so wickedly that they can be judged unworthy of such compassion, nor so well that they can be considered to have no need of it. As also, after the resurrection, there will be some of the dead to whom, after they have endured the pains proper to the spirits of the dead, mercy shall be accorded and acquittal from the punishment of eternal life. For were there not some whose sins, though not remitted in this life, shall be remitted in that which is to come, it could not be truly said, "They shall not be forgiven, neither in this world, neither in that which is to come." - Matthew 12:32 - But when the Judge of quick and dead has said, "Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world," and to those on the other side, "Depart from me, ye cursed, into the eternal fire, which is prepared for the devil and his angels," and "These shall go away into eternal punishment but the righteous into eternal life" - Matthew 25:34, 41, 46 - it were excessively presumptuous to say that the punishment of any of those who God has said shall go away into eternal punishment shall not be eternal and so bring either despair or doubt upon the corresponding promise of life eternal.

Let no man then so understand the words of the Palmist, "Shall God forget to be gracious? shall He shut up His anger His tender mercies?" - Psalms 1xxvii. 9 - as if the sentence of God were true of good men, false of bad men or more true of good men and wicked angels but false of bad men. For the Psalmist's words refer to the vessels of mercy and the children of the promise of whom the prophet himself was one; for when he said, "Shall God forget to be gracious? shall He shut up His anger His tender mercies?" and then immediately subjoins." And I said, Now I begin: this is the change wrought by the right hand of the Most High" - Psalms 1xxvii. 10 - he manifestly explained what he meant by the words, "Shall He shut up in His anger His tender mercies?" For God's anger is this mortal life in which man is made like to vanity and his days pass as a shadow. - Psalms cxliv. 4 - Yet in this anger God does not forget to be gracious, causing His sun to shine and His rain to descend on the just and the unjust; - Matthew v. 45 - and thus He does not in His anger cut short His tender mercies and especially in what the Psalmist speaks of in the words, "Now I begin: this change is from the right hand of the Most High;" for He changes for the better the vessels of mercy, even while they are still in this most wretched life which is God's anger and even while His anger is manifesting itself in this miserable corruption; for "in His anger He does not shut up His tender mercies." And since the truth of this divine canticle is quite satisfied by this application of it, there is no need to give it a reference to that place in which those who do not belong to the city of God are punished in eternal fire. But if any persist in extending its application to the torments of the wicked, let them at least understand it so that the anger of God which has threatened the wicked  with eternal punishment, shall abide but shall be mixed with mercy to the extend of alleviating the torments which might justly be inflicted; so that the wicked shall neither wholly escape, nor only for a time endure these threatened pains but shall be less severe and more endurable than they deserve. Thus the anger of God shall continue and at the same time He will not in this anger shut up His tender mercies. But even this hypothesis I am not to be supposed to affirm because I do not positively oppose it." - It is the theory which Chrysostom adopts -

As for those who find an empty threat rather than a truth in such passages as these: "Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire:" and "These shall go away into eternal punishment;" - Matthew xxv. 41, 46 - and "They shall be tormented for ever and ever; " - Revelation xx. 10 - and "Their worm shall not die and their fire shall not quenched" - Isaiah 1xvi. 24 - such persons, I say, are most emphatically and abundantly refuted, not by me so much as by the divine Scripture itself. For the men of Nineveh repented in this life and therefore their repentant was fruitful, inasmuch as they sowed in that field which the Lord meant to be sown in tears that it might afterwards be reaped in joy. And yet who will deny that God's prediction was fulfilled in their case, if at least he observes that God destroys sinners not only in anger but also in compassion? For sinners are destroyed in two ways - either, like the Sodomites, the men themselves are punished for their sins or like the Ninevites, the men's sins are destroy by repentance. God's prediction, therefore, was fulfilled - the wicked Nineveh was overthrown and a good Nineveh built up. For its wall and houses remained standing; the city was overthrown in its depraved manners. And thus, though the prophet was provoked that the destruction which the inhabitants dreaded because of his prediction, it did not take place, yet that which God's foreknowledge had predicted, it did take place, for He is foretold the destruction knew how it should be fulfilled in a less calamitous sense.

But that these perversely compassionate persons may see what is the purport of these words, "How great is the abundance of Thy sweetness, Lord, which Thou hast hidden for them that fear Thee" - Psalms xxxi. 19 - let them read what follows: "And Thou hast perfected it for them that hope in Thee." For what means, "Thou hast hidden it for them that fear Thee," "Thou hast perfected it for them that hope in Thee" unless this, that to those who through fear of punishment seek to establish their own righteousness by the law, the righteousness of God is not sweet, because they are ignorant of it? They have not tasted it. For they hope in themselves not in Him; and therefore God's abundant sweetness is hidden from them. They fear God, indeed, but it is with that servile fear "which is not in love; for perfect love casteth out fear." - 1 John iv. 18 - Therefore to them that hope in Him He perfecteth His sweetness, inspiring them with His own love, so that with a holy fear, which love does not cast out but which endureth forever, they may, when thy glory , glory in the Lord. For the righteousness of God is Christ, "who is of God made unto us," as the apostle says, "wisdom and righteousness and sanctification and redemption: it is written. He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord." - 1 Corinthians i. 30-31 - This righteousness of God which is the gift of grace without merits, is not known by those who go about to establish their own righteousness and are therefore not subject to the righteousness of God which is Christ. - Romans x. 3 - But it is in this righteousness that we find the great abundance of God's sweetness of which the psalm says, "Taste and see how sweet the Lord is." - Psalms xxxiv. 8 -And these we rather taste than partake of to satiety in this our pilgrimage. We hunger and thirst for it now, that hereafter we may be satisfied with it when we see Him as He is and that is fulfilled which is written, "I shall be satisfied when Thy glory shall be manifested." - Psalms xvii 15 - It is thus that Christ perfects the great abundance of His sweetness to them that hope in Him. But if God conceals His sweetness to them that hope in Him. But if God conceals His sweetness from them that fear Him in the sense that these our objectors fancy, so that men ignorance of His purpose of mercy towards the wicked may lead them to fear Him and live better, and so that there may be prayer made for those who are not living as they ought, how then does He perfect His sweetness to them that hope in Him, since if their dreams be true, it is this very sweetness which will prevent Him from punishing those who do not hope in Him? Let us then seek that sweetness of His, which He perfects to them that hope in Him, not that which He is supposed to perfect to those who despise and blaspheme Him; for in vain after this life, does a man seek for what he has neglected to provide while in this life.

Then, as the saying of the apostles, "For God hath concluded all in unbelief, that He may have mercy upon all," - Romans xi. 32 - it does not mean that He will condemn no one; but the foregoing context shows what is meant. The apostle composed the epistle for the Gentiles who were already believers; and when he was speaking to them of the Jews who were yet to believe, he says, "For as ye in times past believed not God, yet have now obtained mercy through their belief; even so have these also now not believed, that through your mercy they also may obtain mercy." Then he added the words in question with which these persons beguile themselves: "For God concluded all in unbelief that He might have mercy upon all." All whom, if not all those of whom he was speaking, just as if he had said, "Both you and them?" God then concluded all those in unbelief, both Jews and Gentiles whom He foreknew and predestinated to be conformed to the image of His Son, in order that they might be confounded by the bitterness of unbelief and might repent and believingly turn to sweetness of God's mercy and might take up that exclamation of the psalm, "How great is the abundance of Thy sweetness, O Lord, which Thou hast hidden for them that fear Thee, but hast perfected to them that hope," not in themselves but "in Thee." He has mercy, then, on all the vessels of mercy. And what means "all?" Both those of the Gentiles and those of the Jews whom He predestinated, called, justified, glorified: none of these will be condemned by Him; but we cannot say none of all men whatever.

- Whether those who received heretical baptism, and have afterwards fallen away to wickedness of life; or those who have received catholic baptism but have afterwards passed over to heresy and schism; or those who have remained in the catholic Church in which they were baptised but have continued to live immorally - may hope through the virtue of the sacraments for the remmission of eternal punishment -  P A G E  7  - 

  - WELCOME TO SACRED SCRIPTURE / WORD OF GOD / HOLY BIBLE READER'S COMMUNITY -

Wishing you, 'Happy Reading', and may God, the Father, the Son of the living God, Jesus Christ, fills your heart, mind, thoughts, and grants you: The Holy Spirit, that is, Wisdom, Knowledge, Understanding, Counsel, Piety, Fortitude, Fear of the Lord, and also His fruits of the Holy Spirit, that is, Love, Joy, Peace, Patience, Kindness, Goodness, Trustfulness, Gentleness and Self-Control. Amen! God blessing be upon you!

If we live by the truth and in love, we shall grow in all ways into Christ Jesus, who is the head by whom the whole body is fitted and joined together, every joint adding its own strength, for each separate part to work according to it function, so the body grows until it has built itself up, in love. - Ephesians 4:15-16 -

I STILL HAVE MANY THINGS TO SAY TO YOU BUT THEY WOULD BE TOO MUCH FOR YOU NOW. BUT WHEN THE SPIRIT OF TRUTH COMES, HE WILL LEAD YOU TO THE COMPLETE TRUTH, SINCE HE WILL NOT BE SPEAKING AS FROM HIMSELF, BUT WILL SAY ONLY WHAT HE HAS LEARNT; AND HE WILL TELL YOU OF THE THINGS TO COME.

HE WILL GLORIFY ME, SINCE ALL HE TELLS YOU WILL BE TAKEN FROM WHAT IS MINE. EVERYTHING THE FATHER HAS IS MINE; THAT IS WHY I SAID: ALL HE TELLS YOU WILL BE TAKEN FROM WHAT IS MINE. - JOHN 16:12-15 - 

- THE CITY OF GOD -  THE  OMNIPOTENCE  OF  THE  CREATOR -  BY SAINT AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO -

- Of those who fancy that, on account of the saint's intercession, no man shall be damned in the last judgment - P A G E  5 -

There are others, again with whose opinions I have become acquainted in conversation who though they seem to reverence the holy Scriptures, are yet of reprehensible life and who accordingly in their own interest, attribute to God a still greater compassion towards men. For they acknowledge that is truly predicted in the divine word that the wicked and unbelieving are worthy of punishment, but they assert that when the judgement comes, mercy will prevail. For they said, God having compassion on them, will give them up to the prayers and intercessions of His saints. For if the saints used to pray for them when they suffered from their cruel hatred, how much more will they do so when they see them prostate and humble suppliants? For we cannot, they say, believe that the saints shall lose their bowels of compassion when they have attained the most perfect and complete holiness; so that they who, when still sinners, prayed for their enemies, should now, when they are freed from sin, withhold from interceding for their suppliants. Or shall God refuse to listen to so many of His beloved children when their holiness has purged their prayers of all hindrance to His answering them? And the passage of the psalms which is cited by those who admit that wicked men and infidels shall be punished for a long time, though in the end delivered from all sufferings, is claimed also by the persons, we are now speaking of as making much more for them. The verse runs: "Shall God forget to be gracious? Shall He in anger shut up His tender mercies?" - Psalms 1xxvii. 9 - His anger, they say, would condemn all that are unworthy of everlasting happiness to endless punishment. But if He suffer them to be punished for a long time or even at all, must He not shut up His tender mercies which the Psalmist implies He will not do? For he does not say, Shall He in anger shut up His tender mercies for a long period? but he implies that He will not shut them up at all.

And they deny that thus God's threat of judgement is proved to be false even though He condemn no man, anymore than we can say that His threat to overthrow Nineveh was false, though the destruction which was absolutely predicted was not accomplished. For He did not say: "Nineveh shall be overthrown if they do not repent and amend their ways," but without any shall condition He foretold that the city should be overthrown. And this prediction, they maintain was true because God predicted the punishment which they deserved, although He was not to inflict it. For though He spared them on their repentance, yet He was certainly aware that they would repent and not withstanding, absolutely and definitely predicted that the city should be overthrown. This was true, they say, in the truth of severity because they were worthy of it; but in respect of the compassion which checked His anger, so that He spared the suppliants with which He had threatened the rebellious, it was not true. If then, He spared those whom His own holy prophet was provoked at His sparing, how much more shall He spare those more wretched supplicants for whom all His saints shall intercede? And they suppose that this conjecture of theirs is not hinted at in Scripture, for the sake of stimulating many to reformation of life through fear of very protracted or eternal sufferings and of stimulating others to pray for those who have not reformed. However, they think that the divine oracles are not altogether silent on this point; for they ask to what purpose is it said, "How great is Thy goodness which Thou hast hidden for them that fear Thee," - Psalms xxxi. 19 - if it be not to teach us that the great and hidden sweetness of God' mercy is concealed in order that men may fear? To the same purpose they think the apostle said, "For God hath concluded all men in unbelief, that He may have mercy upon all," - Romans xi. 32 - signifying that no one should be condemned by God. And yet they who hold this opinion do not extend it to the acquittal or liberation of the devil and his angels. Their human tenderness is moved only towards men, and they plead chiefly their own cause, holding out false hopes of impunity to their own depraved lives by means of this quasi compassion of God to the whole race. Consequently, they who promise this impunity even to the prince of the devils and his satellites make a still fuller exhibition of the mercy of God.

- Of those who promise impunity from all sins even to heretics, through virtue of their participation of the body of Christ. -    

So, too, there are others who promise this deliverance from eternal punishment, not, indeed, to all men, but only to those who have been washed in Christian baptism and who become partakers of the body of Christ, no matter how they have lived or what heresy or impiety they have fallen into. They ground this opinion on the saying of Jesus, "This is the bread which cometh down from heaven, that if any man eat thereof, he shall not die. I am the living bread which came down from heaven. If a man eat of this bread, he shall live forever." - John vi. 50-51 - Therefore, say they, it follows that these persons must be delivered from death and at one time or other be introduced to everlasting life.

- Of those who promise this indulgence not at all, but only to those who have been baptized as Catholic, though afterwards they have broken out into many crimes and heresies -

There are others still who make this promise not even to all who have received the sacraments of the baptism of Christ and of His body, but only to the Catholics, however, badly they have lived. For these have eaten the body of Christ, not only sacramentally but really being incorporated in His body as the apostle says, "We, being many, are one bread, one body;" - 1 Corinthians x. 17 - so that, though they have afterwards lapsed into some heresy or even into heathenism and idolatry, yet by virtue of this one thing, that they received the baptism of Christ and eaten the body of Christ, in the body of Christ, that is to say, in the Catholic Church, they shall not die eternally but at one time or other obtain eternal life; and all that wickedness of theirs shall not avail to make their punishment eternal, but only proportionately long and severe.

- Of those who assert that all Catholics who continue in the faith, even though by the depravity of their lives they have merited hell fire, shall be saved on account of the "foundation" of their faith and work -

There are some, too, who found upon the expression of Scripture, "He that endure to the end shall be saved," - Matthew xxiv. 13 - and who promise salvation only to those who continue in the Catholic Church / Universal Church and though such persons have lived badly, yet, say they, they shall be saved as by fire through virtue of the foundation of which the apostle says, "For other foundation hath no man laid than that which is laid, which is Christ Jesus. Now if any man build upon this foundation gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble; every man's work shall be made manifest: for the day of the Lord shall declare it, for it shall be revealed by fire; and each man's work shall be proved of what sort it is. If any man's work shall endure which he hath built thereupon, he shall receive a reward. But if any man's work shall be burned , he shall suffer loss: but he himself shall be saved; yet so as through fire." - 1 Corinthians iii. 11-15 - They say, accordingly, that the Catholic Christian, no matter what his life be, has Christ as his foundation while this foundation is not possessed by any heresy which is separated from the unity of His body. And therefore, through virtue of this foundation, even though the Catholic Christian by the inconsistency of his life has been as one building up wood, hay, stubble, upon it, they believe that he shall be saved by fire, in other words, that he shall be delivered after tasting the pain of that fire to which the wicked shall be condemned at the last judgment.

- Of those who fancy that the sins which are intermingled with alms-deeds shall not be charged at the day of judgement - 

I have also met with some who are of opinion that such only as neglect to cover their sins with alms-deeds shall be punished in everlasting fire; and they cite the words of the Apostle James, "He shall have judgement without mercy who hath shown no mercy." - James ii. 13 - Therefore, say they, he who has not amended his ways but yet has intermingled his profligate and wicked actions with works of mercy, shall receive mercy in the judgement, so that he shall either quite escape condemnation or shall be liberated from his doom after some time shorter or longer. They suppose that this was the reason why the Judge Himself of quick and declined to mentioned anything else than works of mercy done or omitted, when awarding to those on His right hand life eternal and to those on His left everlasting punishment. - Matthew xxv. 3 - To the same propose, they say, is the daily petition we make in the Lord's prayer, "Forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors." - Matthew vi. 12 - For, no doubt, whoever pardons the person who has wronged by the Lord Himself that He says, "For if ye forgive men trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you: but if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses." - Matthew vi. 14-15 - And so it is to this kind of alms-deeds that the saying of the Apostle James refers, "He shall have judgement without mercy that hath shown no mercy." And our Lord, they say, made no distinction of great and small sins, but "Your Father will forgive your sins, if ye forgive men theirs." Consequently they conclude that, though a man has led an abandoned life up to the last day of it, yet whatsoever his sins have been, they are all remitted by virtue of this daily prayer, if only he has been mindful to attend to this one thing, that when they who have done him any injury ask his pardon, he forgive them form his heart.

When, by God's help, I have replied to all these errors, I shall conclude this (twenty-first) book.

- THE CITY OF GOD -  THE  OMNIPOTENCE  OF  THE  CREATOR -  BY SAINT AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO -

- Against those who are of opinion that the punishment neither of the devil nor of wicked men shall be eternal - P A G E 6 -

 - WELCOME TO SACRED SCRIPTURE / WORD OF GOD / HOLY BIBLE READER'S COMMUNITY -

Wishing you, 'Happy Reading', and may God, the Father, the Son of the living God, Jesus Christ, fills your heart, mind, thoughts, and grants you: The Holy Spirit, that is, Wisdom, Knowledge, Understanding, Counsel, Piety, Fortitude, Fear of the Lord, and also His fruits of the Holy Spirit, that is, Love, Joy, Peace, Patience, Kindness, Goodness, Trustfulness, Gentleness and Self-Control. Amen! God blessing be upon you!

If we live by the truth and in love, we shall grow in all ways into Christ Jesus, who is the head by whom the whole body is fitted and joined together, every joint adding its own strength, for each separate part to work according to it function, so the body grows until it has built itself up, in love. - Ephesians 4:15-16 -

I STILL HAVE MANY THINGS TO SAY TO YOU BUT THEY WOULD BE TOO MUCH FOR YOU NOW. BUT WHEN THE SPIRIT OF TRUTH COMES, HE WILL LEAD YOU TO THE COMPLETE TRUTH, SINCE HE WILL NOT BE SPEAKING AS FROM HIMSELF, BUT WILL SAY ONLY WHAT HE HAS LEARNT; AND HE WILL TELL YOU OF THE THINGS TO COME.

HE WILL GLORIFY ME, SINCE ALL HE TELLS YOU WILL BE TAKEN FROM WHAT IS MINE. EVERYTHING THE FATHER HAS IS MINE; THAT IS WHY I SAID: ALL HE TELLS YOU WILL BE TAKEN FROM WHAT IS MINE. - JOHN 16:12-15 - 

 - THE CITY OF GOD -  THE  OMNIPOTENCE  OF  THE  CREATOR -  BY SAINT AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO -

- That everything which the grace of God does in the way of rescuing us from the inveterate evils in which we are sunk, pertains to the future world, in which all things are made new -        -  P A G E  4  -

Nevertheless, in the "heavy yoke that is laid upon the sons of Adam, from the day that they go out of their mother's womb to the day that they return to the mother of all things" there is found an admirable though painful monitor teaching us to be sober-minded, and convincing us that this life has become penal in consequence of that outrageous wickedness which was perpetrated in Paradise, and that all to which the New Testament invites belongs to that future inheritance which awaits us in the world to come and is offered for our acceptance, as the earnest that we may in its own due time, obtain that of which it is the pledge. Now, therefore let us walk in hope, and let us by the spirit mortify the deeds of the flesh and so make progress from day to day. For "the Lord know them that are His" - 2 Timothy  2:19 - and "as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are sons of God" - Romans 8:14 - but the grace, not by nature. For there is but one Son of God by nature, who in His compassion became Son of Man for our sakes that we by nature sons of men, might by grace become through Him sons of God. For he, abiding unchangeable, took upon Him our nature, that thereby He might take us to Himself; and holding fast His own divinity, He became partaker of our infinity, that we, being changed into some better thing, might by participating in His righteousness and immortality, lose our own properties of sin and mortality, and preserve whatever good quality He had implanted in our nature, perfected now by sharing in the goodness of His nature. For as by the sin of one man we have fallen into a misery so deplorable, so by the righteousness of one Man, who also is God, shall we come to a blessedness inconceivably exalted. Nor ought anyone to trust that he has passed from the one man to the other until he shall have reached that place where there is no temptation and have entered into the peace which he seeks in the many and various conflicts of this war, in which "the flesh lust against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh." 

Now such a war as this would have had no existence, if human nature had, in the exercise of free will, continued steadfast, in the uprightness in which it was created. But now in its misery it makes war upon itself, because in its blessedness it would not continue at peace with God; and this, though it be miserable calamity, is better than the earlier stages of this life which do not recognise that a war is to be maintained. For better is it to contend with vices than without conflict to be subdued by them. Better, I say, is war with the hope of peace everlasting than captivity without any thought of deliverance. We long, indeed, for the cessation of this war, and kindled by the flame of divine love, we burn for entrance on that well-ordered peace in which whatever is inferior is forever subordinated to what is above it. But if (which God forbid) there had been no hope of so blessed a consummation, we should still have preferred to endure the hardness of this conflict, rather than, by our non-resistance, to yield ourselves to the dominion of vice. 

- The laws of grace, which extend to all the epochs of the life of the regenerate -

But such is God's mercy towards the vessels of mercy which He has prepared for glory, that even the first age of man, that is, infancy, which submits without any resistance to the flesh, and the second age which is called boyhood and which has not yet understanding enough to undertake this warfare, and therefore yields to almost every vicious pleasure (became though this age has the power of speech - "Fari." - and may therefore seem to have passed infancy, the mind is still too weak to comprehend the commandment) yet if either of these ages has received the sacraments of the Mediator. then, although the present life be immediately brought to an end, the child, having been translated from the power of darkness to the kingdom of Christ, shall not only be saved from eternal punishments, but shall not even suffer purgatorial torments after death. For spiritual regeneration of itself suffices to prevent any evil consequences resulting after death from the connection with death which carnal generation forms.  - Aug. Ep. 98, ad Bonifacium - But when we reach that age which can now comprehend the commandment and submit to the dominion of law, we must declare war upon vices, and wage this war keenly, lest we be landed in damnable sins. And if vices have not gathered strength by habitual victory they are more easily overcome and subdued; but if they have been used to conquer and rule, it is only with difficulty and labour they are mastered. And indeed this victory cannot be sincerely and truly gained but by delighting in true righteousness and it is faith in Christ that gives this. For if the law be present with its command, and the Spirit be absent with His help, the presence of the prohibition serves only to increase the desire sin and adds the guilt of transgression. Sometimes, indeed, patent vices are overcome by other and hidden vices, which are reckoned virtues, though pride and a kind of ruinous self-sufficiency are their informing principles. According vices are then only to be considered overcome when they are conquered by the love of God, which God Himself alone gives and which He gives only through the Mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, who became a partaker of our mortally that He might make us partakers of His divinity. But few indeed are they who are so happy as to have passed their youth without committing any damnable sins, either by dissolute or violent conduct, or by following some godless and unlawful opinions, but have subdued by their greatness of soul everything in them which could make them the slaves of carnal pleasures. The greater number having first become transgressors of the law that they have received and having allowed vice to have the ascendency in them, then flee to grace for help, and so by a penitence more bitter and a struggle more violent than it would otherwise have been, they subdue the soul to God, and thus give it its lawful authority over the flesh and become victors. Whoever, therefore, desires to escape eternal punishment, let him not only be baptised, but also justified in Christ, and so let him in truth pass from the devil to Christ. And let him not fancy that there are any purgatorial pains except before that final and dreadful judgement. We must not, however, deny that even the eternal fire will be proportioned to the deserts of the wicked, so that to some it will be more and to others less painful, whether this result be accomplished by a variation in the temperature of the fire itself, graduated according to everyone merit, or whether it be that the heat remains the same but that all do not feel it with equal intensity of torment.

- Of those who fancy that no men shall be punished eternally -

I must now, I see the lists of amicable controversy with those tender-hearted Christians who decline to believe that any or that all of those whom the infallibly just Judge may pronounce worthy of the punishment of hell, shall suffer eternally and who suppose that they shall be delivered after a fixed term of punishment, longer or shorter according to the amount of each man's sin. In respect of this matter, Origen was even more indulgent; for he believed that even the devil himself and his angels, after suffering those more severe and prolonged pains which their sins deserved, should be delivered from their torments and associated with the body angels. But the Church, not without reason, condemned him for this and other errors, especially for his theory of the ceaseless alternation of happiness and misery, and the interminable transitions from the one state to the other at fixed periods of ages; for in this theory he lost even the credit of being merciful, by allotting to the saints real miseries for the expiation of their sins, and false happiness which brought them no true and secure joy, that is, no fearless assurance of eternal blessedness. Very different, however, is the error we speak of which is dictated by the tenderness of these Christians who suppose that the sufferings of those who are condemned in the judgement will be temporary, while blessedness of all who are sooner or later set free will be eternal. Which opinion, if it is good and true in proportion as it becomes more merciful. let, then, this fountain of mercy be extended and flow forth even to the lost angels, and let them also be set free, at least after as many and long ages as seem fit! Why does this stream of mercy flow to all the human race, and dry up as soon as it reaches the angelic? And yet they dare not extend their pity further and propose the deliverance of the devil himself. Or if anyone is bold enough to do so, he does indeed put to shame their charity, but is himself convicted of error that is more unsightly and a wresting of God's truth that is more perverse, in proportion as his clemency of sentiment seems to be greater. -

- Of those who fancy that, on account of the saint's intercession, no man shall be damned in the last judgment - P A G E  5 -

 - WELCOME TO SACRED SCRIPTURE / WORD OF GOD / HOLY BIBLE READER'S COMMUNITY -

Wishing you, 'Happy Reading', and may God, the Father, the Son of the living God, Jesus Christ, fills your heart, mind, thoughts, and grants you: The Holy Spirit, that is, Wisdom, Knowledge, Understanding, Counsel, Piety, Fortitude, Fear of the Lord, and also His fruits of the Holy Spirit, that is, Love, Joy, Peace, Patience, Kindness, Goodness, Trustfulness, Gentleness and Self-Control. Amen! God blessing be upon you!

If we live by the truth and in love, we shall grow in all ways into Christ Jesus, who is the head by whom the whole body is fitted and joined together, every joint adding its own strength, for each separate part to work according to it function, so the body grows until it has built itself up, in love. - Ephesians 4:15-16 -

I STILL HAVE MANY THINGS TO SAY TO YOU BUT THEY WOULD BE TOO MUCH FOR YOU NOW. BUT WHEN THE SPIRIT OF TRUTH COMES, HE WILL LEAD YOU TO THE COMPLETE TRUTH, SINCE HE WILL NOT BE SPEAKING AS FROM HIMSELF, BUT WILL SAY ONLY WHAT HE HAS LEARNT; AND HE WILL TELL YOU OF THE THINGS TO COME.

HE WILL GLORIFY ME, SINCE ALL HE TELLS YOU WILL BE TAKEN FROM WHAT IS MINE. EVERYTHING THE FATHER HAS IS MINE; THAT IS WHY I SAID: ALL HE TELLS YOU WILL BE TAKEN FROM WHAT IS MINE. - JOHN 16:12-15 - 

                                   -  Straight to Catholics - Why I believe in What I believe  - 

                                                 By His Grace Bishop Paul Tan Chee Ing, S.J. 

                                                             SEARCH  FOR  MEANING 

                                                                  -  P A G E  -  2  -

                                              -  Why is there evil?  A Christian response  - 

God created us through Love and for Love. To love, then, is the nature of being human. But love is free ........ ............  - P A G E 1 -  In the light of what has been said, perhaps we Christians should ask ourselves about our attitude towards suffering. Do we consider suffering as evil? If so, we would try either to escape from suffering or to submit to it as the inevitable that comes from God.

                                                                  -  P A G E  -  2  -

                                                     -  Christian Meaning to Suffering -

We hear some Christians say that suffering is a punishment from God. An elderly woman in anguish came to me and said, "I have been praying hard and yet I still suffer. A Christian told me that it is due to my sins. I told him that I have confessed to God my guilt that I am sorry and that I will not sin again. He replied that I have secret sins of which I am unaware because if I were sinless, I would experience peace, joy and no suffering." The good-intentioned Christian was completely wrong. He should have found out first the kind of suffering the lady had. If it were a physical suffering, for example, arthritis, he should have said that this was the cause of some natural phenomenon - say, perhaps she slept with the fan blasting at her. He should then add that she should pray for a cure and seek medical help but more important she should learn how to bear the suffering in a Christian way thus giving praise to God and edifying other people. If the poor woman was suffering from some psychological problem, she should be helped psychologically. And it were some spiritual suffering, she should be helped spiritually, exhorting her to patience in the words of Saint Paul: "More than that, we rejoice in our suffering produces endurance and endurance produces character and character produces hope, and hope does not disappoint because God's love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit which has been given to us." - Romans 5:3-5 - 

Obviously, this good-intentioned Christian took all suffering to be evil. He did not know the difference between evil and suffering. If suffering is the consequence of evil only, as suggested by the good-intentioned Christian, how is it that Our Lord Jesus Christ who is sinless (without sin) also suffered and died on the cross? Furthermore, Our Lord Jesus did promise us not only reward but also persecution (suffering). "Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account. Rejoice and be glad for your reward is great in heaven, for so men persecuted the prophets who were before you." - Matthew 5:11-12 - Surely, belief in the Sacred Scripture/Holy Bible tells us that suffering is also a Christian vocation. The Apostles were persecuted and some put to death, for example, Saint Peter and Saint Paul. After the Apostles, the early Church suffered 10 waves of persecution. The Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse was written during one of these persecutions to encourage Christians to persevere in their faith in spite of suffering imposed upon them by evil people. Christians today are still being harassed and unfairly treated in Communist countries especially and in other countries as well. Not only do we suffer persecution and false accusations from without the Christian Church but also from within. Tracts and pamphlets, attacking the Catholic Christian from Christians, as well as from non-Christians abound. - Many examples are available: by speech and writing -

Most of the time, this anti-Catholic Christian literature is full of half-truths which is worse than outright lies. Lies  and slandering can be recognized. Half-truths are insidious because most Catholics, who are not well versed in the understanding of their faith, fall prey to these half-truths. take a simple example: A certain B.F. Brewer in his pamphlets says, "The Holy Bible teaches that 'Faith' secures the remission of sins - Acts 10:43 - while Roman Catholicism teaches that the "Sacraments" (in addition to faith) do. - Brewer, Bartholomew F. (Ph.D) "Scriptural Truths for Roman Catholics". He is supposed to have been a former Roman Catholic Priest. If he were, then he must have purposely distorted Catholic teachings to suit his anti-Catholic stance. This would make him more guilty. - THE FIRST DECEITFUL TWIST IN Brewer's statement is the putting into brackets "in addition to faith." If he were to leave this out, it would have been an obvious lie. As it stands, it is a half-truth because he is saying that Catholics do speak of faith that brings "remission of sins" but they do not pay much attention to it, rather they say that it is the Catholics believe that Jesus Christ is the Saviour and this is our faith. Sacraments are aids to help us live out that faith in Christ Jesus in our daily lives. We, who are weak, constantly need Christ's grace. Sacraments is one of the means to obtain Christ's help. To go to the sacraments without faith is meaningless and useless. This is our belief. Now, we see how Brewer has stealthily distorted our teaching - a "quarter truth", if I may be permitted to coin a phrase, to put Catholics down. We should not be surprised at all these anti-Catholic lies and half-truths. The Apostles themselves complained that their teachings were distorted. hence Paul warned his disciples. "So Brethren, stand firm and hold to the traditions which you were taught by us either by word of mouth or by letter." - 2 Thessalonians 2:15 - Again Saint/Apostle Paul warned "For the time is coming when people will not endure sound teaching but having itching ears they will accumulate for themselves teachers to suit their own liking and will turn away from listening to the truth and wander into myths." - 2 Timothy 4:3-4 - Saint /Apostle Peter says, "There are something in them (Paul's epistles) hard  to understand which the ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do to the other Sacred Scriptures." - 2 Peter 3:16 - In the face of these campaigns against us, let the words of the Lord console us: "Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you..." Indeed, not only the Gospels but also the history of Christianity attest that the Christian vocation is charged with suffering.

There is floating around in Malaysia and other countries, a wrong and false teaching that goes against the Gospels and reality. It denies not only that any good can come from suffering but also that all sufferings are evil. It may be that these good intentioned Christians are misled by a trend to emphasis only the joy of the Spirit of the Resurrected Lord Jesus Christ to the exclusion of the Cross of Christ. There is no Christianity without the Cross or the Resurrection (joy of the Spirit). Our faith in consonance with the reality of suffering as coming from the limitedness of Man as explained above, tell us that suffering can be turned into a source of salvation for mankind. Suffering is then endured with joy in the Spirit. Our Lord Jesus on the Cross is the supreme example.

The question Christians should ask is not how we can escape from suffering but how we can bring meaning into suffering. The Christian philosopher Paul Claudel said, "Jesus has not come to take away suffering. he has come to fill it with his presence."

Keeping in mind what I have said about suffering and evil from the Christian point of view, I would like to share with you how I see meaning in suffering. - You may say that I inject meaning into suffering. It is not what the meaning truly is of suffering. Hence, it is subjective. My answer is that all meaning are injected into things and events by human beings. Without human beings, there is no such thing as a meaning. - First I try to avoid inflicting suffering on others and causing myself to suffer. When suffering does come my way, either from the natural causes of nature, for example, cancer that I have contracted or from an intentional evil act by a human being, I accept it with faith and love, offering cheerfully my suffering with Christ Jesus for the salvation of mankind, saying with Saint/Apostle Paul: "Now I rejoice in my sufferings for your sake and in my flesh I complete what is lacking in Christ's afflictions for the sake of his body, that is, the Church." - Colossians 1:24 - With this attitude of faith and love, I can turn what is meaningless suffering into what is meaningful power of salvation. I can change what is bitter in itself to what is joyful pain for the salvation of others. It will lighten my burden in suffering. This is for me is what Jesus meant when He said: "Take my yoke upon you and learn from me; for I am gentle and lowly in heart and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy and my burden is light." - Matthew 11:29-30 -  This will also help me to be more compassionate with those who suffer. I will grow spiritually - Romans  5:3-5 - and become a better human being. Christ himself was made perfect through suffering - Hebrews 2:10 - How much more do we need to go through suffering to become more human, we who are so sinful?

                                           

 - WELCOME TO SACRED SCRIPTURE / WORD OF GOD / HOLY BIBLE READER'S COMMUNITY -

Wishing you, 'Happy Reading', and may God, the Father, the Son of the living God, Jesus Christ, fills your heart, mind, thoughts, and grants you: The Holy Spirit, that is, Wisdom, Knowledge, Understanding, Counsel, Piety, Fortitude, Fear of the Lord, and also His fruits of the Holy Spirit, that is, Love, Joy, Peace, Patience, Kindness, Goodness, Trustfulness, Gentleness and Self-Control. Amen! God blessing be upon you!

If we live by the truth and in love, we shall grow in all ways into Christ Jesus, who is the head by whom the whole body is fitted and joined together, every joint adding its own strength, for each separate part to work according to it function, so the body grows until it has built itself up, in love. - Ephesians 4:15-16 -

I STILL HAVE MANY THINGS TO SAY TO YOU BUT THEY WOULD BE TOO MUCH FOR YOU NOW. BUT WHEN THE SPIRIT OF TRUTH COMES, HE WILL LEAD YOU TO THE COMPLETE TRUTH, SINCE HE WILL NOT BE SPEAKING AS FROM HIMSELF, BUT WILL SAY ONLY WHAT HE HAS LEARNT; AND HE WILL TELL YOU OF THE THINGS TO COME.

HE WILL GLORIFY ME, SINCE ALL HE TELLS YOU WILL BE TAKEN FROM WHAT IS MINE. EVERYTHING THE FATHER HAS IS MINE; THAT IS WHY I SAID: ALL HE TELLS YOU WILL BE TAKEN FROM WHAT IS MINE. - JOHN 16:12-15 - 

                                       -  Straight to Catholics - Why I believe in What I believe  - 

                                                 By His Grace Bishop Paul Tan Chee Ing, S.J.  

                                              -  Why is there evil? - -  A Christian response  - 

God created us through Love and for Love. To love, then, is the nature of being human. But love is free. I cannot force you to love me. You must freely respond to my invitation of love before there is love between you and I. If you refuse to love me, even if I go down on my knees or lock you up in my house, I will not be able to force you to love me. Love and freedom are two sides of the same coin. Love that is forced is not love. Because I can love, I have freedom; or rather because I have freedom, I can love. Ironically, though, precisely because I am free, I can go against love. When I go against love, I go against myself and against the nature of human relationships, and therefore bring evil upon myself and others. This for us, Christian, is sin because evil or sin is the refusal to love for which we have been made. Evil destroys. Love creates. Hence the whole history of salvation hinges on God's call to us to love as He loves us. "This is my Commandment, that you love one another as I have loved you," says Jesus Christ, the Son of the living God.

                                                    -  The Buddhist-Hindu response  -

The Buddhists and the Hindus have one common root in their different traditions. They believe in karma and in reincarnation: They believe that the cause of all sufferings or evil is in human desire and craving. They do not make a distinction between evil or suffering.

                                                    -  Buddhism  -

Human beings are born into a world of suffering (dukkha) because of the illusory nature of things in this world. The cause of 'suffering' is 'craving' or sometimes translated as 'desire' (Tanha). Hence it is the craving after the unreal or illusory nature of things in this world that brings about dukkha, "suffering". The path to end suffering is to "dig up the very roots of Tanha." - (Dhammapada verse 337 found in the Significance of the Four Noble Truths, by V.C. Gunaratne, the Wheel Publication, No. 123; Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, Sri Lanka 1973 p. 21) To be able to dig up the root of Tanha, craving in Man, he must be enlightened that all is transitory or illusion. "It is by reason of this reproductive power of thought, that the will to love makes man re-live or as Dalhke puts it, "We live eternally through our lust to live". - op.cit,. p. 26-27 - The Way to this enlightenment is the famous eightfold Path: through right Understanding, right Thought, right Speech, right Action, Livelihood, Effort, Mindfulness and Concentration. It is a programme of purification of thought, word and deed leading to cessation of craving. the total "extinction" of craving is the bliss of Nibbana or Nirvana.

                                                    -  Hinduism  -

Hindus also believe that the world of which one is aware is illusory (maya) in the sense that it is like a veil concealing the Absolute Reality (Brahman) or God who is One with everything, so much so that there is no longer and distinction between God and the whole of nature. Man, therefore, in his depth, his soul, Atman is Braham. The unenlightened Man craves for life in its illusory form as he is aware of it, not realizing that beyond the :illusion", God is all and all is God. The root of existence, then, is craving or desire which is suffering. Hence, to be released or liberated from the fatal chain of reincarnation into life, all desires must be extinguished. To achieve this, different paths are proposed, some better than others - the path of action with strict observance of rites, pilgrimages and prayers, the path of asceticism, etc. Yoga are practical methods of this spiritual training. living the spiritual experience revealed by the Veda can help one reach enlightenment where he, in ecstatic state, experiences the Oneness of Atman (his soul) and Brahman.

                                                     -  My personal view  - 

As can be seen, there is a common parenthood in Buddhism and Hinduism. All suffering or evil comes from craving or desire. The path of salvation lies in the extinction of all human cravings for this earthly life. The differences lie in their dissimilar concepts of the "Ultimate Reality" its relation to Man and the paths to achieve Salvation.

Although I believe that there are beautiful truths in both Buddhism and Hinduism, I cannot accept certain ideas. To me, existence is not all suffering. There are joys as well as sufferings. There is good and bad. God, who is all Good, all Wise, all beautiful, etc. cannot create evil. Creation as it is, is not evil It is good, although imperfect. Evil come from Man himself or from the Evil Force. - I will not go into a discussion of what this Evil Force is - If we say that life is all suffering or evil, and that the only happiness is the release from this earthly life, we are saying that God has created an evil world. That which is all Good cannot create evil. It is a contradiction. I personally  think that the only sensible and coherent answer is what I have said earlier: to distinguish between evil and suffering, to distinguish suffering that is a consequence of an evil deed and suffering that is the result of the limitedness or finiteness of creatures, and to see that suffering in itself is not evil; it is our reaction to suffering that brings evil or good. I do not believe either that all desires or cravings are evil. I do not see how my desire or even craving for bad things that is evil.

                                                     -  The Islamic response  -

The official orthodox view of Muslims is that everything even good and evil comes from God. "A Muslim should believe in his heart and confess with his tongue that the most exalted God hath decreed all things; so that nothing can happen in the world, whether it respects the conditions and operations of things, or good or evil, or obedience or disobedience, or sickness or health, or riches or poverty, of life or death which is not contained in the written tablet of the decrees of God." - Caesar E. Farah, Islam, Barron's Educational Series, Inc., United States, 1970, p. 120 -

There are many Quranic verses which support this. To give a few: (1) "Naught befalleth us save that which Allah hath decreed for us." (S.5:9, v. 51)- (2) "All things have been created after a fixed decree." (S.5:54, v. 49) - (3) "He whom Allah leadeth, he indeed is led aright while they whom Allah sendeth astray, they indeed are losers." (S.7, v. 178).

Since everything, even one's final destiny either in heaven or in hell, is ordained by God, one can only say in everything "if God wills," or In Sha Allah.

On the other hand, Prophet Muhammad also insisted that one should do good. "lo! Allah enjoins justice and good deeds and that ye be kind to kinfolk as He condemns indecency, illicit deeds and all wrongs?" (S.16, v. 90)

Hence the ensuing debate followed after Muhammad's death: the Jabrite theologians taught that Man had no freedom of choice while the Qadrites taught that evil is the result of Man's own free choice. The Ash'arites tried to harmonize the contradiction by saying that although God decreed what a man should do, He also gives Man the choice to do it. Although some educated Muslims today tend to place more emphasis on Man's responsibility for his actions, the general tendency is still to stress God's inflexible decree. Thus Caesar E. Farah says: "Man is not cognizant of what he was predestined to do until the act is committed by his own choice and free will, of which he is quite conscious. It is then and only then that he realizes that the act committed was preordained. By such an argument, faith in divine predestination can neither require denial of human consciousness or freedom of will, nor eliminate the factor of individual responsibility from human conduct.' - Caesar E. Farah, op. cit. p. 121 -

                                                      -  My personal views  - 

Whether or not Man is conscious or not of his action as free, he is still ultimately determined by God. The contradiction still exists. In the final analysis, suffering and evil for the Muslims come from God. This is also why Muslims must submit totally to God in good or evil, in suffering or in joy. And this is the meaning of Islam or Total Submission.

My above argument for a clear distinction between evil and suffering, and a distinction to be made between the different causes of suffering, also holds for this section.

                                               -  Christian view on freedom and predestination  -

I would like to go a step further to show why I hold my viewpoint by giving the Christian viewpoint on freedom and predestination. 

We distinguish between God's passive and active will. His passive will would be the existing Universe with its natural laws which He holds in existence. His passive will allow Nature to function according to its laws. Since man's nature is to be free to choose love or not to choose, God's passive will allow Man to act according to his nature. Hence Man responsible for his own action be it good or bad, without God's preordained decree. God does not force Man to do this or that. God's active will is when He intervenes and goes against the laws of Nature which He has created, for example in a true miracle. He seldom does this because it would put in question His creation. Why then did He create such a laws if He were to break it all the time? But, no one can limit God case, who is to say that He should not? An analogy may help to clarify the passive and active will of God. I build a two storey house with a staircase. The laws that govern going up and down the staircase are there. By this, I do not intend or will that my son will fall down the steps. The passive will of God is similar to allowing my son to climb up and down the stairs that has certain laws which govern the climbing up and down. One day my son, defying these laws, jumps from the top of the stairs. To prevent my son from falling, I say, "Stop in the air". Let us suppose I have miraculous powers. Thus, my son stops falling and hovers in the air. This willing of mine goes against the laws that govern climbing up and down the steps. God's active will is similar to this. I know that all analogies limp. So does this one.

This does not take away God's omniscience or All Knowing. To know and to will are two different acts. I can know something, yet I need not will to act upon it. I can know what you will do in a certain circumstance, that is, if I have a good knowledge of you, without making you do it. Suppose I know you well enough and that you have a craze for coca cola drink. When all the different kinds of drinks are there for you, I know that you will opt for coca cola. My knowledge of you does not force you. You choose coca cola yourself. God Knows from eternity all that I will do (Knowledge) without forcing me to do it (Will).

Why then does God not prevent me from doing evil since He knows it? I have already implicitly given the answer above. God created through Love and for Love which by its very nature entails freedom. To take away my freedom is to take away Love. This means that I would not have been created. It contradicts the essence of the creation of Man.

A last word on this subject. God's Knowledge is not like ours at all. Our knowledge is limited by time - past, present and future. God, the Eternal has no time. His Knowledge has no past, present and future. When we post the question of why God does not prevent our evil deeds, we have placed God's Knowledge into time. He knows what we will do tomorrow (future) so now (present) He should prevent us from doing it. If we do this, God's Knowledge becomes no longer God's Knowledge but the projection of our human knowledge into God's. It would be then, a figment of our imagination.

In a brief comparison, this is the difference between the Islamic and the Christian concepts of evil. The general orthodox Islamic belief is that God has decreed eternally everything, even Man's actions. Therefore, good and evil come from God. Allah has decreed from eternity whether a man will go to Paradise or Hell (S. 7, vv. 178-179). Christians believe that God's passive will holds all the laws of His creation in existence without His active interference (active will). Hence, Man is free to choose good or bad (love or sin) Although God Knows eternally what each man will do (Psalms 139; Isaiah 46; Hebrews 4:13). Evil comes from Man or the Evil Force. Good comes from God. And God says that He does not want any man to perish but that all should repent and be saved ( 2 Peter 3:9; 1 Timothy 2:4).

In summary, my tremendous respect and love for Muslims as well as for the Hindus and Buddhists, and my acknowledgement of the good in their beliefs, does not prevent me from believing that the Christian explanation of suffering and evil is more coherent to me personally.

                                              -  Christian Meaning to Suffering -

In the light of what has been said, perhaps we Christians should ask ourselves about our attitude towards suffering. Do we consider suffering as evil? If so, we would try either to escape from suffering or to submit to it as the inevitable that comes from God.

We hear some Christians say..............   

- WELCOME TO SACRED SCRIPTURE / WORD OF GOD / HOLY BIBLE READER'S COMMUNITY -

Wishing you, 'Happy Reading', and may God, the Father, the Son of the living God, Jesus Christ, fills your heart, mind, thoughts, and grants you: The Holy Spirit, that is, Wisdom, Knowledge, Understanding, Counsel, Piety, Fortitude, Fear of the Lord, and also His fruits of the Holy Spirit, that is, Love, Joy, Peace, Patience, Kindness, Goodness, Trustfulness, Gentleness and Self-Control. Amen! God blessing be upon you!

If we live by the truth and in love, we shall grow in all ways into Christ Jesus, who is the head by whom the whole body is fitted and joined together, every joint adding its own strength, for each separate part to work according to it function, so the body grows until it has built itself up, in love. - Ephesians 4:15-16 -

I STILL HAVE MANY THINGS TO SAY TO YOU BUT THEY WOULD BE TOO MUCH FOR YOU NOW. BUT WHEN THE SPIRIT OF TRUTH COMES, HE WILL LEAD YOU TO THE COMPLETE TRUTH, SINCE HE WILL NOT BE SPEAKING AS FROM HIMSELF, BUT WILL SAY ONLY WHAT HE HAS LEARNT; AND HE WILL TELL YOU OF THE THINGS TO COME.

HE WILL GLORIFY ME, SINCE ALL HE TELLS YOU WILL BE TAKEN FROM WHAT IS MINE. EVERYTHING THE FATHER HAS IS MINE; THAT IS WHY I SAID: ALL HE TELLS YOU WILL BE TAKEN FROM WHAT IS MINE. - JOHN 16:12-15 -